Thung Kula Ronghai is a large lowland basin in northeastern Thailand, covering an area of approximately 2.1 million rai across five provinces: Roi Et, Surin, Sisaket, Maha Sarakham, and Yasothon. The region is a vast flat plain with almost no natural mountain barriers. In the past, it experienced alternating drought and seasonal flooding, and most of its soil is sandy and saline, making agriculture extremely difficult and causing severe hardship for local communities.The name “Thung Kula Ronghai” originates from the legend of the “Kula” traders, itinerant merchants believed to have come from India or Persia. According to local folklore, these traders had to cross this vast, barren plain with limited water sources and unclear travel routes, leading to exhaustion, disorientation, and hardship—so severe that they were said to have “cried,” which became the origin of the name.

Over the past several decades, the area has undergone significant development driven by government initiatives, including irrigation systems, soil improvement, and the promotion of suitable rice varieties, especially jasmine rice. These developments have transformed the once-arid landscape into one of Thailand’s most important agricultural regions and one of the world’s highest-quality jasmine rice production areas.Today, Thung Kula Ronghai is internationally recognized for producing premium GI-certified jasmine rice, known for its distinctive fragrance, soft texture, and rich flavor. It is highly demanded in both domestic and global markets, particularly in Europe, the United States, and East Asia.In addition to its agricultural importance, the surrounding area is also rich in historical and cultural heritage, particularly ancient Khmer archaeological sites such as Ku Ka Sing, a large sanctuary reflecting the influence of the Baphuon to Angkor Wat architectural styles, and Ku Phra Kona, which highlights the ancient settlement networks and trade routes of the region. These sites confirm that the area has long been significant not only geographically but also historically and culturally.

In terms of modern livelihoods, local communities primarily engage in rice farming, especially jasmine rice cultivation, which has become both an economic activity and a cultural identity. Traditional Isan customs such as Bun Bang Fai (rocket festival), the Twelve-month traditions, and communal rice harvesting are still widely practiced, reflecting a strong connection between people and the land.For these reasons, Thung Kula Ronghai is not only a major agricultural zone but also a region that combines history, legend, culture, and successful environmental transformation, making it one of the most important symbols of northeastern Thailand and the country as a whole.