Prasat Chom Phra is an ancient Khmer archaeological site classified as an “Arokhayasala,” functioning as both a religious sanctuary and a public healthcare facility within the state welfare system of the Khmer Empire. It was built during the reign of King Jayavarman VII (late 12th to early 13th century CE), a ruler known for promoting Mahayana Buddhism and developing the empire’s public health infrastructure.

Concept of Arokhayasala

The Arokhayasala was not only a temple but also a healing center where physical and spiritual care were combined. It reflects the belief that healing the body and mind must go hand in hand. These complexes typically included:

• An image of the Medicine Buddha (Bhaisajyaguru)

• Ritual spaces for healing ceremonies

• Facilities for patients and caretakers

Architectural layout

The site follows the standard Arokhayasala plan:

• Main sanctuary (prang): The central structure housing sacred images, built from laterite with a simple, solid design emphasizing strength and sanctity.

• Library building (bannalai): Located to the southeast, used for storing religious texts and medical-related items.

• Enclosure wall and gopura: Define the sacred boundary separating the spiritual area from the outside world.

• Water reservoir (baray): Located outside the eastern side, likely used for ritual and symbolic healing purposes.

Materials and construction

The structures are primarily built from laterite stone, a durable material widely available in the lower northeast region. Its limited carving ability resulted in a more architectural and symbolic style rather than highly decorative stonework.

Historical significance

• Evidence of a Khmer-era welfare system integrating healthcare and religion

• Reflects the fusion of religion, medicine, and state administration

• Part of a network of over 100 Arokhayasala sites along ancient transportation routes

Current condition

Although parts of the structure have deteriorated over time, the main layout and wall remains are still visible, making it an important site for studying Khmer architectural planning and ancient healthcare concepts.