Songkhla National Museum was originally the mansion of Phraya Sunthon Anurak (Net Na Songkhla), built in 1878 during a time when Songkhla flourished as a major port city connecting trade across the Malay Peninsula and international markets. The building is a fine example of Sino-European (Chinese–Western) architecture, featuring a central courtyard design that enhances natural ventilation and lighting—well suited to the tropical southern climate. Architectural highlights include layered clay-tile roofing, curved Chinese-style roof edges, ventilation openings, thick walls, and wooden windows designed for efficient airflow.

Inside, the mansion is adorned with exquisite craftsmanship, particularly intricately carved wooden doors depicting scenes from Chinese literature such as Romance of the Three Kingdoms and other auspicious motifs. These artworks reflect the status, taste, and strong Chinese cultural influence of the local elite. Painted images of Chinese deities on beams and pillars further express beliefs in protection and good fortune.

Historically, the building later served as a residence for government commissioners and as Songkhla’s provincial hall before being registered as a historic monument and converted into a museum in 1982. Today, its exhibitions are organized into multiple sections covering the geography of the Sathing Phra Peninsula, prehistoric archaeological evidence, Dvaravati and Srivijaya art, maritime trade influences, traditional ways of life, and the significant role of the Na Songkhla family in regional development.

More than just a repository of artifacts, the museum represents the economic, social, and cultural evolution of southern Thailand, highlighting historical connections between Thailand, China, and the Western world. Its location near Songkhla Lake—once a vital transportation and trade route—further reinforces Songkhla’s legacy as a historically important port city that bridged regional and global exchange.