Phanom Wan Sanctuary is an important ancient site demonstrating the influence of Khmer civilization in northeastern Thailand. It is believed to have been built around the 16th-17th centuries. Its initial purpose was as a Hindu shrine of the Shaivite sect, dedicated to the god Shiva, before being transformed into a Buddhist temple later in the reign of King Jayavarman VII.

Architectural Features and Layout

This sanctuary is similar in layout to Phimai Stone Sanctuary but smaller and facing east, like most Khmer sanctuaries. The main structure consists of

• Prasat Pradhan (Phra Sat Pradhan): This main building is made of sandstone, with a square base and a tiered spire. Inside, a Buddha image in the attitude of granting forgiveness is enshrined in the Ayutthaya period style. This is important evidence indicating the transformation from a temple to a Buddhist vihara.

• Antarala: This is the passageway connecting the main prang to the front pavilion, which served as a space for religious ceremonies.

• Galleries: Constructed of sandstone and laterite, it surrounds the castle on all four sides, with gopuras (gateways) serving as entrances on all four sides. The eastern gopura is the main entrance.

• Prasat Noi: Located on the southwest side of the main prang, it is made of red sandstone; only the base remains.

• Enclosure Wall and Moat: There is an outer enclosure wall, with a moat surrounding the wall, in keeping with the Khmer religious tradition.

Art and Patterns

The art style of Prasat Phanom Wan falls into the Baphuon style of Khmer art, which flourished in the 16th Buddhist century. Highlights include:

• Lintels and Pediments: The lintel features exquisite carvings, such as the lintel above the eastern gopura, depicting Indra riding the elephant Erawan. This is a popular motif in Khmer art.

• The architectural mix: The main structure is primarily made of sandstone, but laterite is used in the gallery and some walls, demonstrating diverse construction techniques and materials.

Historical Significance

Phanom Wan Historical Park is historically significant as a key transportation and religious route linking the past. It is also part of a larger complex of religious sites scattered throughout the southern Isan region, particularly as it lies on the route connecting Phimai Historical Park with Angkor (Angkor Wat/Angkor Thom).

Phanom Wan Historical Park is currently under restoration and management by the Fine Arts Department and is an important historical and architectural learning center in Nakhon Ratchasima Province.

• Getting there: From Nakhon Ratchasima city, take Highway No. 2 (Nakhon Ratchasima-Khon Kaen) for approximately 15 km. There will be a fork on the right with a sign. Turn right and follow the paved road for another 5 km.

• It's best to travel by private car.

• The castle has a quiet, uncrowded atmosphere, making it easy to walk around and take photos.

• It's best to visit in the morning or evening to avoid the heat.

• It's best to research the castle's history beforehand to enhance your visit.

Admission Fees:

• Thais: 10 baht

• Foreigners: 50 baht (Information is subject to change based on announcements from the Fine Arts Department. Please check with the Fine Arts Department staff on-site.)

Opening Hours:

• Open for viewing every day, including public holidays, from 7:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.