The Gu Ka Sem, or Prang Bueang Kham, is one of a significant group of ancient sites built during the reign of King Jayavarman VII (c. 1181–1218 CE), the great monarch of the Khmer Empire. A devout follower of Mahayana Buddhism, the king ordered that this prasat (temple) serve not only as a religious sanctuary but specifically as an Arokayasala (hospital). It was part of a network of 102 such hospitals built across the empire to provide physical relief and medical care to all subjects.

Architectural Style and Components

Prang Bueang Kham is constructed in the architectural style characteristic of the Bayon period of Khmer art, the standard model used for almost all Arokayasala sites. The complex features a rectangular layout oriented towards the east. The main components include:

• The Main Prang: This is the central structure, primarily built using laterite (a common material reflecting the rapid building programs of the time). It houses the garbhagriha (sanctuary) where the main image was enshrined, believed to be the Naga-protected Buddha or the Bhaisajyaguru (Medicine Buddha), consistent with the Mahayana Buddhist belief system of the Arokayasala.

• Gopura: The main entrance pavilion, located on the eastern side. Its walls are made of laterite, while the door and window frames are constructed from sandstone, which typically features intricate carvings.

• Library: A single, small laterite structure located in the southeast corner within the enclosing wall. It is surmised that this building was used to store medical texts or religious scriptures pertinent to healing.

• Laterite Enclosing Wall: Surrounds the entire complex, defining the boundary between the sacred space and the functional area of the hospital.

Notable Artistry and Artifacts

While the temple today largely consists of the base and some wall remnants, the artistic traces found confirm its past grandeur:

• Lintels: The most important artifacts discovered. The lintel carvings at Prang Bueang Kham are notable examples of the Bayon style, with subject matter typically revolving around Buddhist narratives or mythological epics. These artifacts have been removed and are currently preserved at the Phimai National Museum.

• Sculptures: Fragments of deities and Buddha images have been found, indicating the blend of Hindu and Mahayana Buddhist beliefs prevalent during that era, such as fragments of Bodhisattva heads and various deity pieces.

• Inscriptions: While not as complete as other sites, the discovery of inscriptions is crucial. These typically document the purpose of the construction, land dedication, and the names of staff overseeing the Arokayasala.

Significance as an Arokayasala

Gu Ka Sem was not merely a sanctuary; it functioned as a medical station strategically placed along important transportation routes to ensure equitable access to care for the population. Evidence of its function includes the presence of a baray (large reservoir) usually situated near the Arokayasala for both hospital use and religious rituals.

Studying this site is, therefore, a dual process—an exploration of the ancient Khmer system of medicine and public health alongside its architectural development. It stands as a testament to the compassion of King Jayavarman VII, who sought to provide both spiritual and physical well-being to his people.

Prang Bueang Kham is an architectural relic of the Bayon period and a powerful symbol of the "Legacy of Compassion," reflecting the advanced state of architecture, religion, and public health management of the ancient Khmer Empire in Thailand's northeastern region.

• Travel from Nakhon Ratchasima city along Mittraphap Road (Highway No. 2) and turn onto Highway No. 226 towards Huai Thalaeng District. From Huai Thalaeng District, take the route to Ban Bueng Kham, following the signs to the castle, which is approximately 12 kilometers from the district. It is best to use a private vehicle or rental car.

• Visit in the morning or evening to avoid the heat.

• The site is peaceful and quiet, perfect for exploring and taking historical photos.

• Because it's an open area, wear a hat and sunglasses.

• Visit the Phimai National Museum, which houses artifacts found at the temple, including some lintels.

Admission fees:

• Free (no admission fee)

Opening Hours:

• It can be visited during the daytime, or you can ask the local authorities for more details.