Prasat Baan Panna served as an "Arokayasala," or ancient hospital, during the reign of King Jayavarman VII. It reflected the tradition of caring for the well-being of the people according to Mahayana Buddhist beliefs, with religious ceremonies alongside medical treatment. Brahmins oversaw the care, and herbal remedies were used to treat patients, boosting morale and warding off evil according to ancient beliefs.